What
is a Species Survival Plan (SSP?). The American SSP program
was developed in 1981 by the American Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). The
mission of an AZA SSP Program is to cooperatively manage specific, and
typically threatened or endangered, species population within AZA-accredited Zoos and Aquariums,
and other AZA conservation partners including Certified
Related Facilities, and Approved Non-Member Participants.
SSP
programs focus on animals that are in danger of extinction in the wild, these
captive breeding programs may be their only chance to survive; these programs
also help maintain healthy and genetically diverse animal populations within
the zoo community. SSP programs significantly contribute to field conservation
efforts, species recovery, veterinary care for wildlife disease issues, and establishment
of assurance populations. There are currently more than 300 SSP Programs, each
managed by their corresponding Taxon Advisory Groups, within AZA. For each
species, a comprehensive population Studbook and a Breeding and Transfer Plan are
developed which identifies population management goals and recommendations to
ensure the sustainability of a healthy, genetically diverse, and
demographically varied AZA population.
Red Wolves were nearing extinction in the wild when the Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium in Tacoma, Washington
established a captive-breeding program in association with the United States
Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). The Point Defiance Zoo developed husbandry
techniques, recruited four additional cooperating institutions to house wolves
in the captive program and received AZA approval for a Red Wolf SSP program in
1984. By 1984, the captive population numbered 63 individuals and was growing,
largely through the coordinated efforts of the Point Defiance Zoo and Red Wolf SSP
cooperators. These efforts made the
release of red wolves into the first reintroduction site at Alligator River National Wildlife
Refuge in 1987 possible. Today,
there are 43 SSP facilities
participating in the Red Wolf SSP program (use this link for map and websites
of all SSP cooperators), with ~190 red wolves.
The Red Wolf SSP is the foundation of the recovery program. Without its
collective expertise and resources, the future of the red wolf would be
uncertain. The contributions of the RWSSP include: (1) managing populations,
(2) training field personnel on techniques for proper capture and restraint,
(3) applying captive research to the field and (4) reintroducing captive born
red wolves.
Red wolf SSP locations.
Successful
conservation programs are often developed through partnerships. The Red Wolf Recovery Program is a
great example of organizations working together to benefit a species. Zoos can play
a significant role in red wolf recovery by informing visitors about the value
of wolves in ecosystems and inspiring the public to support the wolf's
reestablishment in the wild. We
encourage you to check out the websites of the Red Wolf SSP program participants. There are a lot of photos, videos, and
educational resources available on red wolves! Most of them also have Facebook
pages, blogs, Twitter, and You Tube accounts as well.
Here’s just a few you can explore the resources of:
